Population

Any consideration of Pakistan's environment must take into account the impact of a population of 130 million (1998). The estimated annual growth rate of 3.0% (Human Development in South Asia, 1997) is one of the highest of any developing country. Almost half of the population is less than 15 years old. The population is concentrated in the fertile Indus River valley and along the river's major tributaries in the northern and northeastern portions of the country. By contrast, western and southwestern Pakistan are sparsely inhabited.
Pakistan has a developing mixed economy based largely on agriculture, light industries, and services. Although the Gross National Product is increasing more rapidly than the population, the GNP per capita, estimated at US$ 430, is among the lowest for developing countries. Up to 50% of the workforce is employed in agriculture. The industrial sector is growing, with manufacturing now generating half of the country's exports. Development of natural gas, oil and mineral deposits is also contributing to Pakistan's economic growth.

However, growth has been uneven and widespread poverty persists, particularly in the rural areas, where two thirds of the population lives. Pakistan ranks 134th of the 173 countries on the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Index (Human Development Report, 1998). At least 35 million people live in abject poverty and public access to health, education, clean water, sanitation and family planning remains low.